Why should pilots be aware of the terrain when planning a flight?

Being aware of the terrain is crucial for pilots during flight planning because it directly influences altitude restrictions and potential hazards. Understanding the terrain helps pilots identify features such as mountains, valleys, or other obstacles that may pose risks during ascent, descent, or while flying en route. For example, flying over mountainous regions requires awareness of maximum safe altitudes to avoid terrain collision, while also considering factors like weather changes and turbulence that may occur in these areas. Additionally, certain airspace restrictions may be in place due to terrain, meaning pilots must adjust their flight plans accordingly to maintain safety and compliance. This situational awareness ensures that the flight follows safe operational practices and minimizes the risk associated with navigating challenging landscapes.