When operating under IFR, what is typically required for a pilot?

When operating under Instrument Flight Rules (IFR), pilots are required to have special IFR training and certifications. This is crucial because IFR operations involve navigating and controlling the aircraft solely by instruments in the cockpit, as opposed to using visual references outside the aircraft. Pilots must understand complex air traffic control procedures, instrument approaches, and the operation of navigation equipment essential for flying in varied weather conditions, where visibility may be limited.

The requirement for special training ensures that pilots can respond effectively to situations that might arise during instrument flight, including interpreting instrument readings, maintaining situational awareness in low visibility, and executing specific procedures for departures, arrivals, and landings. This level of training is vital for safety, as IFR conditions can lead to potential hazards such as spatial disorientation or loss of control without a proper understanding of instrument flight operations.

The other response choices, while they mention aspects related to IFR operations, do not encompass the critical requirement of formal training and certification, which is the foundation for safely operating an aircraft under IFR conditions.